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Research tips re: paragliding

Alternative spellings for paragliding core terms
  1. 1960 paraglider with inflated leading edge and keel  Aerojet project to evaluate the use of inflatable Rogallo wings
  2. air glider
  3. air gliding
  4. Allison kite glider
  5. Allison sled
  6. ascender
  7. ascending parachute
  8. bag
  9. bag glider
  10. bag gliding
  11. Barish Sailwing
  12. Beeson flying machine
  13. Beeson glider
  14. canopy flying
  15. canopy glider
  16. canopy hang glider
  17. canopy hangglider
  18. canopy hanglider
  19. canopy wing
  20. canopy winging
  21. chute wing
  22. Dieter Strasilla and Fritz Dolezalek
  23. dome
  24. FIRST (Fabrication of Inflatable Re-entry Structures for Test)
  25. first reentry glider
  26. Fliking
  27. flying mattresses
  28. flying pillows
  29. free-flight manned limp-canopy kite system
  30. glide wing
  31. glide winging
  32. gliding canopy kite
  33. gliding-kite
  34. gliding-kite system
  35. gliding parachute
  36. governable parachute
  37. inflated wings
  38. kite
  39. kite glider
  40. kite gliding
  41. kite/glider
  42. kite system in free-flight with suspended pilot as resistive anchor
  43. limp kite
  44. limp-canopy gliding
  45. mattress glider
  46. mattress gliding
  47. mattress parachute
  48. non-airframed free-flight canopy glider
  49. oversized mattress parachute
  50. parachute
  51. parachute glider
  52. paracraft
  53. para glider para gliding
  54. Para skysurfing
  55. parafoil
  56. parafoiler
  57. parafoiling
  58. para-glider
  59. paragliding
  60. para-gliding
  61. parahangglider
  62. parakite with free-flight resistive anchor
  63. parapente
  64. parasail   [here wing is kited to a remote anchor and is not in free-glide kiting mode]
  65. parasailing   [here wing is not in free glide, but is anchored usually to a tugging vehicle, often a boat]
  66. parasol
  67. parawing
  68. parawinger
  69. para winger
  70. parawinging
  71. parglider         (in itself spelling or taken as a misspelling)
  72. PG
  73. pg
  74. pglider
  75. p-glider
  76. rag
  77. rag wing
  78. ram-air wings
  79. rectangular chutes
  80. reentry glider
  81. re-entry glider
  82. reglider
  83. Rogallo parawing
  84. Rogallo wing
  85. sail
  86. sailwings
  87. sail wings
  88. screen
  89. Self-soaring
  90. Ski sailing
  91. skisailing
  92. SkyWing
  93. soft kite
  94. square chutes
  95. stack glider
  96. stack kite
  97. stack paraglider      bi-wing paraglider, two-wing paraglider, tri-wing glider, tri-wing kite, tri-wing paraglider, tri-wing gliding kite system,
  98. stickless kite
  99. string gliding
  100. string-controlled canopy glider
  101. string-controlled canopy gliding
  102. string-controlled gliding
  103. suspension glider
  104. Tethered playsail
  105. tensional kite
  106. tensional wing
  107. textile wing
  108. thread-puff paraglider
  109. thread-puff parahangglider
  110. thread-puff PG
  111. twin-keel parawing
  112. umbrella
  113. para-gliding take- offs of fledgling birds    http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=PIHRAAAAEBAJ
  114. paragliding jumpers in military operations  http://www.google.com/patents?id=EYqEAAAAEBAJ
  115. wing-shaped parachute     [for the wing part  of a paraglider]
  116. Kites are aircraft[3] that are tethered to the ground or other object (fixed or mobile) that maintains tension in the tether or kite line; they rely on virtual or real wind blowing over and under them to generate lift and drag.    Sport paragliders fit the definition; therefore paragliders are kites; the paragliders are gliding kites. Paragliders are gliders and gliding kites.
  117. veil, veils
  118. speed flying
  119. speed gliding
  120. v
  121. v
  122. See the kites: Sunday April 5 2009 paragliding and kite buggies, Victoria Park  One kite with a moving resistive set (buggy) and the other with a moving resistive set (human running, jumping and falling through air ....the gliding kite --paraglider--).
    And see kite leaving balcony into glide mode and then more buggy kiting (four lines):
     April 5t 2009, kites at Victoria Park Arbroath
     
False statements (FS) in the paragliding literature:  
(Send false statements with solid counterexamples.)
  • False:               "When equipment is well maintained and a pilot is trained well in paragliding, paragliding is safe."
    Counter:    There are expert paragliders who have died in paragliding activity, even though their equipment was well. maintained.  Evidence: See paragliding fatalities and see experts who maintain their equipment who are PG fatalities.
     
  • False:                                            v
    Counter:    v
     
  • False              :       "The XXLite is a single-surface paraglider"
    Counter:    Rather, it is a partial double-surface paraglider (P2SPG). Since the material goes over and down to receive aft-of-stagnation-point flow air stream  where clear stack is seen, then there is a distinct bottom surface  along part of the chord and a distinct top surface for the full chord. Hence the offer is not a true SSPG.     See: AWE4237   
         
    Kewl: YES! However, the airfoil form is NOT a true single-surface, as a distinct bottom surface is shown that is distinct from the top surface; the two surfaces begin at the aerodynamic stream separation point. Just wrapping material around a thick airfoil does not suffice for "single" surface. Please reserve "single-surface" for actual SSPG item. Best to you and your team on the project. True SSPGs will continue to occur as they have for hundreds of years; some evolution is left. Mixing DS with SS as one and the same is not nice to Mother Nature. The XXLite has double surface for what % of the chord?    Source: comment at http://vimeo.com/29247558
     
  • False:           "no rigid structure"
    Counter:      Paragliding is the launching, flying, and landing of gliding-kite systems
    with or without humans aboard. The wing of paragliders may have as much rigid structure
    as found successful for a particular mission or purpose.

     
  • False:            "no engine"
    Counter:    Rather, there is a gravity engine: The payload part of a gliding kite paraglider provides mass that is attracted by gravity; that attraction becomes a resistive force that drives a tension in the lines to the lifting/dragging wing. The net effect is a gravity engine; sometimes that engine is enhanced by other motors and engines to drive the paraglider even faster through the air.
     
  • Misleading, incomplete          Uses a soft wing that when inflated has an elliptical shape.
    Counter:    Has a choice to use a soft wing, boned wing, hardened wing; may have shapes other than elliptical planform.
     
  • Misleading          Can fly in lighter wind conditions than Hang Gliding.
    Counter:    Hang gliders include paragliders; paragliders are kite types of hang gliders. Any hang glider may fly in zero wind. Sustained soaring may occur in thermals during nil horizontal wind. Fully limp paragliders should not fly within PDMC zones.
     
  • Misleading        No weight limit. (Depends on the winds)
    Counter:     For safety, there are weight limits for hang gliders that are paragliders.
     
  • Misleading       When instructional video declares that a paraglider is not a paraglider, then we have a problem of someone misleading others. This occurs too often.
    Counter:       The speaker needs to do his or her homework. And then distinguish simply that the kind of paraglider that they favor is a paraglider, but there are some kinds of paragliders that they do not favor. Simple honesty and historical and mechanical accuracy won't hurt anyone, and it may help the scene to remain creative rather than cultish. There is a large cult denying that many kinds of paragliders are and have been paragliders. Shame on that cult for pushing an agenda that narrows things.
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:  
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:      
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:         
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:      
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:  
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:      
     
  • Misleading      
    Counter:         
  •  


.

Working:
  1. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/firlider.htm
  2. http://www.energykitesystems.net/HangGliderHistory/1960kiteglider.html
  3. http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~ustrasil/Dieter-Web-old/gamma/Right_Menu/Akrobatik/acrobatic_photos/akrobatik_61_62_3.jpg
  4. http://www.energykitesystems.net/PGterms/index.htm
  5. ||| PGpatents ||| PGvideos ||| World PG Fatalities ||| On the Minimum Induced Drag of Wings |||
     ||| EnergyKiteSystems ||| Oz Report ||| Lift
    ||| PGlinks ||| PWCA ||| Research Tips |||
    ||| PMA ||| USPA ||| WingsPG ||| PDMC ||| Members |||
  6. http://www.paraglidingfanatic.com/wordsearch.pdf
  7. Muerte en Parapente

 

PG terms

 

 

Public news articles telling of PG accidents and fatalities (NOT COMPLETE)  Send links to WPGA.

[[ For a more complete collection better organized, see the unequalled work at
CometClones:   2011  2010  2009  2008   2007  2006   2005  2004   2003   2002  ]]

Disambiguation: Paraglider
  • Spellings: para-glider, paraglider, paragliders, para glider, para gliders, parahangglider
  • A device used by NASA in the Gemini and Paresev programs.
     
  • A device used in the sport of paragliding.
     
  • A device used in paramotoring.
     
  • A device used in powered paragliding.
     
  • A device used in unmanned aerial vehicles as in the Atair Insect.
     
  • A device used in hang gliding where the pilot is tethered to the wing as opposed to the pilot firmly integrated with the wing.
     
  • A paraglider is a type of hang glider or glider that uses tethers to suspend the payload/pilot. Such devices are used in sport paragliding and in many non-sport activities.
     
  • A device used in model aircraft using non-human payloads in a gliding kite; the industry is serving modelists who use the paraglider with a radio-controlled model-sized motor.
     
  • A device used in non-sport paragliding, as in police work.
     
  • A device used in pleasure and discovery commerce where people buy an experience of flight with a primary pilot in command.
     
  • A parakite or kite in gliding mode where the mooring is let to fall.
     
  • A digital object handled in video games and flight simulators to give visualizations to mimic practical material paragliders in those programs.
     
  • A device used in aerobatic shows, professional movie scenes, and even sporting aerobatic events.
     
  • A device used in some military operations to deliver goods or people to mission targets.
     
  • A device used in the toy industry to delight children with gliders that are paragliders. Children may toss launch the toy paraglider and explore the involved aerodynamics and imagine themselves as the payload of the paraglider.
     
  • An art image of a paraglider is referred to as a paraglider in conversation. There are three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional
     
  • images that represent imaginary or real paragliders.
  • "paraglider" is a noun word. That word variously refers to the machine paraglider or to the pilot who flies a paraglider.
  • A person who is the pilot of a flying-in-paraglider situation.
  • Object to be designed, tested, inspected, sold.
     
  • A word in itself.
     
  • A sort of kite that is purposed for gliding attained by letting the resistive set drive tension in the line set by falling in a gravity field is what is a paraglider.
     
  • A glider that has significant mass tethered below the wing elements; the mass is attracted to the center of a planet; such attraction becomes the engine for maintaining tension in the kite's line while the kite's wing does its wonderful L/D deflections relative to the apparent wind. Such a glider that has a major mass beyond its wing is a "para" glider, i.e., beyond glider with the mass driver is beyond the wing of the glider. If the mass tethered below is modified to be an aerodynamic propelling device, then the gliding can be reduced various amounts while powered flight takes over. In such powered scenarios the machine totality becomes a powered kite with the tether set still tugging the wing above, that is, the kiting still occurs, it is just that the gravity as driver is overwhelmed by a propelling engine or motor or other unpowered wing controlled so as to keep tension in the kite's tether set.
     
  •  
Disambiguation: Paragliders
  • Oliver Lieb
  •  
Slots
  • Lemoigne slots
  • Neumark slots
Since paragliders are gliding kites, then thorough understanding of kiting principles forms a strong foundation for being a pilot of gliding kites. Gliding kites with human aboard brings the human to meet the vagaries of launch zones and landing zones which cannot be perfectly predicted.
  • http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/205712main_Sled_Kite.pdf  This paper confuses airfoil, wing, parawing; there is a gloss neglect to distinguish wing from tethering the wing into kite; the paper confuses "kite" for wing as is a frequent default. But a wing alone does not make a kite. A wing materialized alone might be a non-kite glider if balanced. But a non-kite glider is not a kite; a kite needs its essential part: a tether set that is restraining or resisting the lift and drag of the materialized wing.  This has been understood by those skilled in the arts for centuries: non-kite gliders were known by Cayley in early 1800s, even late 1700s. Earlier Leonardo da Vinci knew non-kite gliders as his drawings show.  The world of the kites has wings restrained; restrain not and have just non-kite glider.  The "beyond" (para) glider that uses the kiting principle is a paraglider of the kite sort.  
     
  • http://www.angelfire.com/electronic2/rc1/air/paraglide/paraglid.htm   kites as paragliders
     
  • "even had a chat with the park wardens about what I was doing with such an enormous kite"  Neil Charles. Seeing correctly that his paraglider operated is a kite.  If he stayed in the know, the as anchor moved in free fall, still the kite paraglider would be a kite of the gliding sort.
     
  •  
  • PPG vs PPC
  • PG vs PC    ... artificial after seeing both are gliding kites, both are gliders, both are paragliders, but just with various parameters at different values.
  • From full limp to full solid for wing ... a continuum. Wings along the full spectrum may form the wing of a particular paraglider. The
  • Accidente en parapente
  • http://youtu.be/YHU-sR-UsmQ
  • v
  • v
  • v
  • v
  • v

 

Talk: Bruce Goldsmith
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Speedy Tag
I don't normally do sport, but IMHO the 2007 Paragliding World Champion is notable, so does anyone object if I remove the speedy tag? WereSpielChequers 15:04, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
I created this page, and intend to expand it soon.
I contend that Bruce Goldsmith is a notable person, as the world champion of paragliding in 2007. World champions in other sports, even much more obscure ones,
have Wikipedia articles about them; for example Vidar Benjaminsen the ski-orienteering champion, or Lita dela Rosa who won the Bowling World Cup in 1978.
Goldsmith is also notable as a rare example of a person who won a sporting world championship using equipment that he designed himself.Manormadman (talk) 15:09, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
Query How many 2007 world Paraglider champions were there? [2007] WereSpielChequers 15:13, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
Only one. Some confusion might arise because there is a Paragliding World Championship every two years - a single event at one location,
consisting of a number of daily legs, producing an overall winner. This is what Goldsmith won. However, there is also every year the Paragliding World Cup.
The winner of this is the pilot who does best in a series of events over the year at various locations. You might compare the former format to the Tour de France; and the latter to the Formula One championship.Manormadman (talk) 15:58, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
Thanks that makes sense, the link I found was to the 2007 World Cup. WereSpielChequers 16:51, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
Tag now removed, I will try to add some more stuff on this article. refs e.t.c ·Add§hore· Talk/Cont 15:39, 28 January 2009 (UTC)


Sailor
There's also a Bruce Goldsmith who sailed for the US in 1969. Currently he is only a redlink from List of World Championships medalists in sailing (centreboard classes)
 and I've shifted him from pointing here to Bruce Goldsmith (sailor). Obviously if someone creates that article we can have a note at the top of this one,
but in the meantime I'm making a note on this talk page. WereSpielChequers 19:14, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
comment from Bruce Goldsmith
I would like to propose this update to my biography which is a bit more complete.
Bruce Goldsmith is a British paraglider pilot and designer, and the 2007 Paragliding World Champion. He won the title at Manilla in Australia, flying an Airwave
Magic FR3 of his own design.[1] He has been British paragliding champion three times, most recently in 2004.[2] He has also been twice British hang gliding
champion. Skywings magazine He has been a British Hang Gliding and Paragliding team member for over 20 years winning numerous FAI team medals as
well as individual victories. Here is a summary of his main achievements:
1st Italian Championships in Poggio Bustone 2003
World record holder, 274 km declared Goal, Texas, USA, 2003
1st British Paragliding Open 2001
1st Brazilian Championships Andradas, Brazil 2000
1st Brazilian Open 2000
World Cup Paragliding Champion (Serial Class) 1999
1st British Paragliding Open 1998 and 1997
1st Paragliding World Cup, Spain 1995
1st High Level Paragliding Open, Rio, Brazil 1994
1st Criterium de la Reunion 1992
British Hang Gliding Champion 1991 and 1992
1st Bassano Open, Hang Gliding 1991
Hang Gliding Superleague Champion 1990
2nd European Hang Gliding Championships 1988
In 1998 he was awarded the Salemon Trophy by HRH Prince Andrew, at the Royal Aero Club, for outstanding British design achievement.
Goldsmith is by profession a designer, who started designing hang gliders in 1979 and paragliders in 1989 [3] and was the designer of paragliders for Airwave.
He set up the paragliding division of Airwave - which was already a manufacturer of hang gliders - in 1989. He left to found Ozone paragliders in 1998,
and returned to Airwave in 2000.[4] He has now moved to the Swiss paraglider manufacturer Advance. (source: paraglidingforum.com)
Goldsmith is also a journalist and has his own long standing column in Cross Country Magazine (www.xcmag.com) called Icaristics.
The articles are normally of a technical or instructional nature and these articles are often translated and reprinted. Goldsmith has also
produced two films, Instability and Instabiliy 2, both instructional paragliding videos.
He lives in the south of France with his wife and three children. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brucegol (talk • contribs) 10:42, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

 



List of articles mentioning "paraglider"    THIS PROJECT IS INCOMPLETE:

List of articles mentioning "paraglider" in a significant noteworthy manner:

Paraglider wing-part fundamentals

Unmanned paraglider

NASA-related paraglider

Human-carrying sport and recreation paraglider

Paraglider, the person

Noteworthy flying sites for sport paragliders

Special events, contests, competitions

Sport governance

Practical applications using paraglider

Other

Companies

Noteworthy persons dying from use of paraglider

   
We are interested in kites with the anchor set into fall
so the total kite: wing, tether, and its resistive
elements are set into kiting flight in the gliding mode.
We are interested in radio-control soaring of such
gliding kites. This is basically a paraglider without or
with a human person in the anchor/payload subassembly. Do
you have product to serve such gliding kites or scale
paragliders.      October 31, 2011.      Review of Kites, Inc.
 

Kite line

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

Kites have a wing and a kite line (line), or sometimes more than one line. Kite systems may have more than one kite and more than one kite line.

Successful kiting in particular kite applications depends in large part on the kite line's specifications and handling. The integrity of kite lines is affected by wear, reeling, contact with chemicals, loss of strength from knottings, ultraviolet rays of the sun, repeated cycles of use, and damaging actions during use. There are historically classic specifications of kite lines. Kite lines for small toy kites differ greatly from kite lines used for kite tugs that pull commercial cargo ships across the ocean. Sport kites using kite lines two or three or four lines at a time have a need for very low stretch. Single-line recreation kite lines may do well with stretchy kite lines. Kite fighting kites' main tether lines have sharp glass particles bonded to the line. Kite lines misused or abused can cause injury to persons and property. Kite lines vary in pricing and availability. Repair of a particular line has its own arts. Reeling, handling, and storage methods differ for lines depending on the kite applications. Kite lines terminate at the kite's wing/bridle at one end and at some kite mooring at the other end; the mooring is to some object anchor that provides the tug or tension against the resultant of the lift and drag forces of the kite; the anchor is always powered by something even if that something is the Earth's moving surface relative to the air for air kites; a running human kite operator is the source of human powering.

Contents

  Kite-line parameters

Depending on the kite application and kite system needs, selecting a kite line will consider one or more of the following parameters: availability, base material, color, density, mass per length, size, manufacturer's reports, serial number or product number, diameter, cross-section shape, tensile strength new, aged tensile strength, resistance damage from chemicals, defects, safety factor, resistance to damage from solar radiation (UV stabilization), electrical conductivity, optical conductivity, heat conductivity, moisture intake from water (via humidity, rain, contact with liquid water), buoyancy in water, abrasion resistance, nature of manufacturer's line joins, feel, degradation from knotting, terminal methods, elasticity, structure, signal transmission capacity, visibility to radar, performance over time, maintenance actions, effect on performance from hours of use, drag, negative lift, auxiliary line uses, performance when being reeled under tension, performance when tensed line touches itself, action upon breaking, memory, veil, sleeving, inspectability, surface finish, reaction to heat and cold, taper (as wanted), flexibility, reeling behavior, breaking strength, critical diameter, reliability, test-results portfolio, visibility, twist, plasticity, safety, price. Toy kites sold with a manufacturer's selected line makes the decision easy; the decision is more challenging for custom kite applications. The design and handling of the piano-wire kite line for the high-altitude meteorological observations (1749–1933) was a keen engineering process.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

  Kite lines for children's toy kites

To avoid burns and cuts, kite lines for children toy kites are frequently soft fuzzy cotton twine.

  Kite lines for sport control kites

Lack of stretch or stable line length for control authority is an advantage of special control lines. Melting point is considered when controlling a kite for kite fighting; lower cost cotton line can melt a crossed expensive synthetic line. Kite lines Dyeing kite lines for show and control line management can occur at a line factory or by a user.[9]

  Kite lines for high altitude attempts

Historically, high altitude kite flights were made by atmospheric scientists and meteorologists in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Routine flights around the world were made using steel wire with single kites and kite trains. The highest recorded flight was made by a German meteorological station at Lindenberg in 1919. It is reported that the top kite reached 31,955 ft above the launch point. The line was over 20 km of high tensile steel piano wire with a breaking strength varying between 134 and 225 kg.[10] In 2000 the single-line single-kite altitude world record for kiting was made using a kite line of woven Kevlar line 3/32 inch in diameter at 270 pound breaking-strength. The kite was described by Richard Synergy in his account of the flight, as employing an angle of attack device to limit line tension to 100 lbs. This gives a safety factor of almost 3 to 1 if the breaking strength of this line is 270 lb.[11] More recent high altitude kite flights by Robert Moore and his team in Australia[12] have been made using Dyneema, a braided Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) line, and the identically structured line, Spectra. Both these lines are stronger and lighter than Kevlar for a given diameter. One of the most important characteristics of line for high altitude kite flying is small diameter and high strength to weight ratio. The greatest barrier to high altitude kite flights is aerodynamic line drag.[13] The use of Dyneema over an extended period has shown that it is highly resistant to ultra violet degradation in comparison to Kevlar.[14]. Richard Crawford, a high altitude flyer from the USA, made an attempt on the world single kite altitude record using a 220 lb test, Technora line manufactured by Twinline. He reported that he flew a delta kite to approximately 6,500 ft in September 2008.[15][16]

  Kite lines for specialized applications

When a kite application does not fit a common purpose, then specialized kite lines are used. Setting specific records under controlled conditions allows kite operators or competitors to choose kite lines with high specificity and without excessive safety factors.

The short kite line called the hang loop for the free-flying kite hang gliders has received special engineering attention; the further main kite-lines from the hang loop to the pilot's harness are also highly specialized in design [17].

When maximizing performance for large kites; E. D. Archibald was the first to use piano wire for kiting.[18]

Flatland kiting hang gliders with 3000' of tow line holding the manned hang glider kite takes special care to specify. Protecting the kite line from ground abrasion is considered.[19]

Want to fly an indoor kite without wind? The indoor no-wind kite operator need not worry about line breaks causing damages to downwind property. The choice of line can be very specialized here.

When the kite line is to be invisible, a clear translucent fine thread is chosen.

Making kite lines visible for night flying occurs in short-line and long line applications. Line lights is one solution sometimes used. Lines that carry light is another. Lights on the ground shining on stunt kites and their lines occurs. Flying Kites at Night

  Spider silk and their kite line for their "ballooning" (mechanical kiting)

Biologists began using the term "ballooning" for spiderling mechanical kiting [20][21]. Another spider silk for the bridge thread is frequently kited. And another thread of the spider is used as a drag line from which spiders frequently swing in the breeze, getting deflected before landing. Humans have used spider silk for making kites[22].

  Safety for kite lines

Fit the kite line to the kite application; handle the line as needed to avoid hazards, accidents, and injury to persons and property. The operator of a kite system is fully responsible for damages done by the operation of his or her kite system; this includes the kite line. Pre-flight plan and pre-flight the kite line; avoid surprises. Piano wire is appropriate for certain applications, but totally inappropriate for recreational or sport kite flying. Fishing monofilament line is not used for most hobby, recreational, or sport power kiting because of its stretch, breaking behavior, and thinness; avoid it unless there is a very special application involved. Metal wire can conduct static and current electricity; avoid metal wires unless a professional scientific or industrial engineer approves the line for a specific purpose. Gloves, proper reel choices, goggles, guards, tension limiters, and other safety devices help to reduce accidents. Ability to de-power a kite's lift and drag is a part of sound kite systems. Tensed line can act as razors. Moving lines can cut through flesh too easily. Fatalities too often occur from kite line abuse. Keep kite lines in good condition. Realize that knots weaken kite line. Keep kite lines dry and clean. Log any wear and use of the line; replace lines as needed. Choose a safety factor when designing a line for an application. Avoid flying in the rain or stormy weather changes.[23],[24],[25],[26][27]

  See also

  External links

 References

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kite_line&oldid=454383310"
Use of the world paraglider, paragliders, paragliding  beyond the flight machine or use of the flight machine  
 

Free as a bird.
Frei wie en vogel.
Libres comme l'air.


Full report on all incidents are requested to WorldParaGlidingAssociation. Several major sub-classes of "paraglider" exist; each has the required tether set to the lower resistive set. One sub-class has one single tether and is short allowing pilot to grab an airframe; another sub-class has multiple long lines and the pilot in resistive set cannot grab airframe, if it has one (a large sub-sub-class of these have soft canopies only which when entering special turbulence too close to the ground have a terrible time of it. See CometClones for the soft canopy fatalities that have been reported (many go unreported).


There are several branches to "hang gliders":  
1. Those without any tethers (Lilienthal, Batso, etc)
2. Those with one tether, short, that allows pilot to move the airframe of the hang glider. This is a true paraglider, but has airframe and allows pilot to move the airframe for control 
3. Soft canopy and many long lines. Upon collapses from turbulence within a certain vertical zone, there is a high injury and fatality rate. Explore the incomplete incidents at CometClones. 

#2 and #3 are both hang gliders and both paragliders. #1 is not a paraglider.   #2 is frequently just called "hang glider" even though it is a paraglider of one tether, short, and airframed.  

Please report all incidents of any free-flight gliding to WorldParaGlidingAssociation. 

It is highly recommended that a participant fully understand the causes of any incident that may be examined; then avoid the arrangement that one learns about.  Take the time to study each fatality in paragliding since 2000.  Note that collection of facts is incomplete; but the known 850 fatalities in soft-canopy long string paragliders since 2002 is important; pay due respect. 

All paragliders are mechanically a sort of "gliding kite" with wing set, tether set, and a resistive set.   (w, t ,r).  Paragliders are much more than the soft-canopy sort. Wings may actually be semi-rigid, even fully solid; and one paraglider may have more than one wing element. 
PostPosted: Sun Nov 27, 2011 2:11 pm    Post subject: RE: Exactly one-string paraglider  

Pajarus, not everything that glides is PG; please see to what others mockingly expanded; only gliding kites are paragliders; fetal kite (paravane) was not PG, but later in life potential PG. Not all falling leaves are PG, but many are. Dandies do glide; test them; I have. Control? Many choices depending on design and mission w/o more tethers. Reasons for #t=1? Many; look; review; mission-dependent; stay tuned for historical and potential. Speed, potential for wind-strata-differentials dynamic soaring, tether climbing and extension, stealth, novel launch and landing options, potential for transcontinental flight in one session. Note: Exploring #t=1 is not equivalent to a critique of non-#t=1 options; aim to savor things in themselves; competition for specific mission can be examined after well knowing specific systems. Your#2?:Party while growing. Attached for forum permanent file is a graphic up for discussion, as the graphic is not complete: Enlarge to see, perhaps print to paper: 

 


Idea Idea Arrow Pause to focus on free-flight #t=1 PG of very long tether (VLTPG) line ascending and descending: 
Call for essays posted in this thread topic on that matter (or links to your essays). How to, challenges, purposes, ...? Line climbers, rate of climbs, pilot-powered climbing, stored-pilot-power powered climbing, descending on the line, rate of descending, offers from mountain climbing, etc. Why go up or down the very long line during free flight? Accelerated climb loads the wing set w; free-fall lowers the load on the wing set w. Consider special scenarios where climbing or descending on the line would effect some mission or task. How might ascending the line or descending on the line affect launching tactics or landing tactics or flying tactics? Could there be tethers that shrink or expand by way of electric or light or oscillation triggers? What have we on this? Take your time. Have fun. Very Happy Idea Idea Click image to enlarge it:
 

VLTPG sketch in support of exploring ascending and descending the long tether in the free-flight gliding kite (paraglider). What paragliding tasks might be effected?


Discussing the very long tether paraglider (VLTPG) where we recall that the wing set w cardinality may be one or many, where the resistive set r may have cardinality of one or many, but where from lowest wing bridle point to first element of r is exactly one tether (perhaps shrouded compound). 

This immediate note pauses to look at the very long tether (VLT)  in the VLTPG as a source of information about the air and wind strata cut through by the long tether. 

IDEA: The pilot (human or robot) of the VLTPG could receive data for all the stations of the tether. 
The data stream would tell the temperature and airspeed at each station of the long 
tether. Such information might expertly be part of a decision-making process about 
what to do with ascending or descending the mass of the resistive set or/and what to 
do with control of the glide of the wing set w. The VLT would have sensors all along 
its length; the sensors would note the temperature and airspeed at each station.  Such data combined 
with other information might be fed to robot controls or/and made visible to the human 
PG pilot. In our relatively short sport tethers there is not enough tallness to play 
such data. But with a VLT of, say,  3000 m, there is opportunity to "see" the wind strata 
differences by such tether sensing. Near such matter are studies done by Stephen E. Hobbs in his 
Ph.D. thesis of 1986. 


https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/918/2/sehphd2a.pdf

http://cires.colorado.edu/science/field/kites/
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979WiEng...3..107B
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010RScI...81g6104W
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989TellB..41..196D

This immediate note pauses to look at the very long tether (VLT)  in the VLTPG as a source of information about the air and wind strata cut through by the long tether.D

During free-flight of the VLTPG, the VLT  will have its station parts at specific altitudes. At each station there will be a local air temperature and a local airspeed.  Those three data points for each station of the VLT may play to affect flight-control decisions. Control may involve morphing the attitudes and shapes of wing set w elements; control may also involve modifying the shape or texture of segments of the VLT; control may also involve having the mass of the resistive set r climb the VLT or descend lower as the VLT is made longer by unreeling.   Control actions would have aims to effect mission aims (which may vary widely from simple sustained soaring, reaching particular altitudes, reaching particular positions in space to perform special tasks, etc. ) 

An aim to learn and train control systems (pilot included) from such VLT data may become the focus of engineers.  The reward of smartly using VLT station data could possibly be great. Effecting transcontinental unpowered free-flight with VLTPG has been a decade load of Dale C. Kramer, soaring champion; a club of known researchers resonate with that same long-flight achievement interest.    Another reward space could be recreational and sport soaring where the VLT station data helps the pilot choose direction, speed, coupled loadings (effects of accelerated line climbs and descends, effects of vibratory actions, effects of aerodynamic changes of the long tether or r elements or w elements).

Invited:   Line-sensor design notes.  Estimates of how much learning could occur from VLT flight data.  Studies over the effectiveness of controls over w, controls over the VLT, controls over the elements of r, and coordination of controls over the three sets.  Reports on progress in scale model experiments with VLTPG unmanned and eventually manned.   Choices of line climbers, line descenders, winging the r, winging the w, design for the VLT.  

 

 


There are uses of the word "paraglider" that are beyond the flight realm, unless one finds the poetry.

There is a rationalist (he thinks that of himself" that calls himself "Paraglider".  He is from Kyle, Scotland. http://paraglider.hubpages.com/


[ ]     http://flyingmachines.ru/


Interested in the paragliding topic? 
 WorldParaGlidingAssociation has free content and open unlimited forum.
Compare airframed single-tether paraglider hang gliders with soft-canopy unframed paraglider hang gliders.    
http://www.chicoer.com/news/ci_19424147


It is a pleasure to have many links to XCmag in LIFT as we grow a review of hang gliders that feature tethers to pilot (paraglider hang gliders; one tether like in many airframed systems featuring the triangle control frame or many tethers like in many soft-canopy systems) as opposed to hang gliders that have no kite tether to the pilot like Otto Lilienthal's.     ~~JpF, Nov. 28, 2011.    http://www.xcmag.com/2011/11/nicolas-bernhard-is-french-paragliding-champion-2011/comment-page-1/#comment-53677


Nov. 29, 2011 WikiHow     [ ]NFD yet
How to Discern What Is a Paraglider and What Is Not a Paraglider

In 1828 an artist depicted a gliding kite (paraglider) system. Notice the wind direction on the pilot pod on the right. Notice the wing is a sticked-sail; notice the tether to the massive pilot pod below; it is necessary to have the three parts to the system: wing set, tether set, and resistive set (gravity attracted). All is set in gliding mode to produce paraglider.
 
 
 
 

 In 1828 an artist depicted a gliding kite (paraglider) system. Notice the wind direction on the pilot pod on the right. Notice the wing is a sticked-sail; notice the tether to the massive pilot pod below; it is necessary to have the three parts to the system: wing set, tether set, and resistive set (gravity attracted). All is set in gliding mode to produce paraglider.

Historically people have stepped through visual and sound cues to discern type of aircraft, especially during war. Others make a hobby of stepping through identification cues in discerning the species of birds. Well, there is confusion in aviation about just what a paraglider is or is not. Here we take steps to form a decision about what kind of hang glider we might see. Is what we see a paraglider or not? Incomplete and even false definitions about what is and is not a paraglider arrive from cult and commercial influences. Such is inadequate for a creative student of aviation, an inventor, a seeker of options in free-flight, an engineer, an author, a teacher, etc. What is wanted is a path to clarity about just what is and is not a paraglider apart from narrow interests. Of course, for the narrow interests, they know what they know. Let's go for more and for clarity.

EditSteps

  1. 1

    Does the aircraft have one or more tethers? At least one tether is needed.

     
  2. 2

    Does the aircraft have one or more wings? At least one wing is needed. It is narrow perspective and false to force soft canopy for the set of wings; certainly there are soft-canopy paragliders, but there are also stiff-framed paraglider; and fully solid wings may be the wing or wings of a paraglider.

     
  3. 3

    Does the aircraft have a freely falling mass at the lower end of the tether or tethers? Some mass is needed to be pulled by gravity at the end of the tether or tethers that go up to the wing or wings.

     
  4. 4

    In flight, does the tether generally stay in tension because of the deflective actions of the coupled wing or wings with the mass at the lower end of the tether or tethers?

     
  5. 5

    If there are other objects in the aircraft that have the potential to propel the aircraft up or forward, then are those in "off" status? A paraglider is unpowered; if powered, then it becomes a powered paraglider.

     
  6. 6
    Paraglider is a sort of hang glider. Some hang gliders are not paragliders. Paragliders have tethers to a falling resistive set of masses.
     
     
     
     

     Paraglider is a sort of hang glider. Some hang gliders are not paragliders. Paragliders have tethers to a falling resistive set of masses.

    When the aircraft is set into free-fall, does the aircraft glide even a small positive amount?

     
  7. 7

    With the above steps cleared, one probably has a paraglider in focus. You will notice that some "hang gliders" that are not regularly called paragliders are actually mechanically paragliders. You have done the steps of HOW TO discern an aircraft type. Congratulations!

     
    This paraglider has inflated booms and the resistive set of elements intended were spacecraft being recovered by paragliding them from high altitude to the ground or sea..
     
     
     
     

     This paraglider has inflated booms and the resistive set of elements intended were spacecraft being recovered by paragliding them from high altitude to the ground or sea..

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


How to Control a Single Tether Framed Paraglider (Gliding Kite)

edits by:Joe Faust, TechFlash1, BR, Teresa (see all)

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The two queenposts need not be made of carbon; they may be aluminum, bamboo, etc.  In the first decade of 1900s, the structure was seen in light aircraft and in a paraglider hangglider.
 
 
 
 

 The two queenposts need not be made of carbon; they may be aluminum, bamboo, etc. In the first decade of 1900s, the structure was seen in light aircraft and in a paraglider hangglider.

Man or woman in a gliding kite! Not touching earth! How to control the gliding kite (paraglider) of "single tether" when the wing is an airframed sort of paraglider hang glider? Hang the pilot on short tether in a position where he or she may grab the triangle control frame of the wing and slightly or largely move one's body left or right or forward or backwards in order to change the resultant center of gravity of the system relative to the center of lift of the system. The most common airframe structure for achieving this control is the triangle control frame which is essentially aviation's queen posts joined by a basebar; the similar structure is seen in aviation as a base for landing gear holdin skis and wheels and skids.

EditSteps

  1. 1

    Use the double-queen-post frame part along with a connect bar that connects the two extremities of the two queen posts; the arrangement most used is when the two queen posts are footed in the airframe near each other and angled out to allow a substantial connecting bar. The final arrangement forms a triangle and is frequently called "triangle control frame" or "A-frame" or "control frame." The basetube should be joined as though it were a tensional member (sometimes an internal tension cable is placed in the tube that joins the two ends of the queen posts.

     
  2. 2

    Stay the posts to the airframe of the paraglider hang glider with struts or cables following common bracing methods. The pilot will hang by one single kite line from the wing. When gliding the free-flight kite (paraglider) grab lightly the basetube set in space by the queenposts and the staying cables. It is assumed that you have placed the queenposts and the connecting basebar and the hang point of the single tether (the kite line), so that aerodynamic balance is correct for safe flying of the framed paraglider.

     

 

EditVideo


 


 
Notice the one tether (thus paraglider hang glider) and notice the two queenposts and basebar connecting lower ends: TCF triangle control frame.

 

OZ Report, Nov. 30, 2011:

Inland air in boundary zone for soft-canopy PGs:
1. Visualization of real time helicities: What is the state of the art on this?
2. Impact on soft-canopy wings? What scientific studies have been done? What could be done?
3. How well might the risks be known for flying a soft-canopy PG in inland air in the boundary zone?
4. Would stack-wing PGs bring an aggregate stability that would help mitigate risks in flying inland airs in the boundary zone?
5. Launch-time visualization of real time helicities is a matter that might be separated from above-boundary-zone-flight concerns and challenges.
6. Landing-time visualization of real time helicities is a matter that might be separated the launch and flight sectors of concerns.

Consider:
1. Routine high altitude separation from soft-canopy wing for a final in high-sail-loaded parachute. Perhaps radio-control the man-less loose canopy to capture land zone.
2. Morphing high-performance soft-canopy wing to a high-sail-loaded low L/D parachute canopy for final.
3. The causes of each and every known PG fatality and serious-injury incident. Avoid each cause. An incomplete start for study is at CometClones
4. Launch methods that begin pilot lifting after wing is flying above the boundary zone. One direction for this is being studied in ParaGlidingForum at
http://www.paraglidingforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=42918 (click some positive karma?)