Messages in AirborneWindEnergy group.                             AWES6008to6058 Page 18 of 440.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6008 From: paolo musumeci Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: sail energy

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6009 From: dave santos Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: Re: Special interest in China

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6010 From: carlgu Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: Re: Special interest in China

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6011 From: blturner3 Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6012 From: blturner3 Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: TACO

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6013 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6014 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: TACO

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6015 From: Hardensoft International Limited Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6016 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Advantages and Design Limits of Branched Sleeved Control Lines

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6017 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6018 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6019 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Google Futzes with AWE and Officially Retreats.

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6020 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: AWES Solidity Factors

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6021 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWES Solidity Factors

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6022 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Kixel, kixels

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6023 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6024 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6025 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6026 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWES Solidity Factors

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6027 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6028 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Tarp Economics 101

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6029 From: Dave Lang Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Economics 101

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6030 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Tarp-Mill Cup Challenge

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6031 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Google Futzes with AWE and Officially Retreats.

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6032 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Kixel, kixels, kixels...

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6033 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6034 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Strongest Rope in the World for "MetaMega" AWES

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6035 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp-Mill Cup Challenge

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6036 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: DSM makes an AWE videos

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6037 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: DSM makes an AWE videos

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6038 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Rip-Stop Nets for Mega-Tarp Kites or Kixels

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6039 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Meg-Tarp Handling Machine by Covermaster

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6040 From: blturner3 Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Meg-Tarp Handling Machine by Covermaster

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6041 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6042 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6043 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6044 From: roderickjosephread Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Economics 101

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6045 From: dave santos Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Soft Shackle Revolution

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6046 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Kite drawings online

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6047 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Soft Shackle Revolution

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6048 From: dave santos Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: Tarp Flying from a Gang-Line (video)

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6049 From: dave santos Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: USWindLabs R&D?

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6050 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: Why we fly by tether (meditation over a 2008 project)

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6051 From: blturner3 Date: 4/15/2012
Subject: Re: Soft Shackle Revolution

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6052 From: dave santos Date: 4/15/2012
Subject: Cargill details its Skysails Experiment

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6053 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Flying from a Gang-Line (video)

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6054 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Wind project

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6055 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Deliberate shading of the sun

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6056 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Abbas Rezaey

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6058 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Call to authors, scientists, developers, family and friends of AWE C



Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6008 From: paolo musumeci Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: sail energy
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6009 From: dave santos Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: Re: Special interest in China
Hello Carlgu,
 
What the global open-source AWES R&D community eagerly needs is a general liason person between developers and the wonderful kite production bases in China. We have many isolated connections, mostly in sport/hobby-kite markets, some dating back many years, but it would be great to have a go-to China-based specialist coordinator to bring together the best kite players, as a new Dream-Team.
 
We are entering a phase of nice effective small AWES designs, so its a good time to line-up high-production supply-chains. An open cooperative business model is proposed, to boldly address the vast opportunities as we rapidly scale up AWES technology.
 
Please let us know if this "think big" strategy fits your generous "anything" offer, and any news or ideas to share,
 
daveS
KiteLab Group
AWEIA Member

  
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6010 From: carlgu Date: 4/9/2012
Subject: Re: Special interest in China

Hi Dave, this sounds really an exciting project to me!!
 
In fact I am currently working at Neil Pryde limited, which you may know, who is famous for its windsurfing sails and the Cabrinha kites etc. As to my personal background, you may visit my personal blog website www.carlgu.hk. I really look forward to be a member of this "Dream-Team".
 
Please feel free to let me know what I can do for this and we'll see how things can get done. E-mail me:carlgu@gmail.com, or Skype me: carlgu_timmy, will keep in touch!
 
With best regards!
carlgu
 
Date: 2012-04-10 05:51
Subject: Re: [AWES] Special interest in China
Hello Carlgu,
 
What the global open-source AWES R&D community eagerly needs is a general liason person between developers and the wonderful kite production bases in China. We have many isolated connections, mostly in sport/hobby-kite markets, some dating back many years, but it would be great to have a go-to China-based specialist coordinator to bring together the best kite players, as a new Dream-Team.
 
We are entering a phase of nice effective small AWES designs, so its a good time to line-up high-production supply-chains. An open cooperative business model is proposed, to boldly address the vast opportunities as we rapidly scale up AWES technology.
 
Please let us know if this "think big" strategy fits your generous "anything" offer, and any news or ideas to share,
 
daveS
KiteLab Group
AWEIA Member

  
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6011 From: blturner3 Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power
Sorry, I should not have used the word utterly. I did not mean to get you going. I jumped in to the arch discussion because I see possible potential. I seek to understand the concept.

Here is my suggestion. Take the tarp kite concept and apply it to the arch. Put multiple tarps between two lines staked out across the wind to where it is a continuous swath of fabric. When the upper line is advanced windward the long soft airfoil will climb. When the lower line is advanced the kites dive. Just as you showed for the diamond kites. I think you called this shunting. The airfoil created this way should be more efficient than the diamond kites. Some ribs could be added to further improve the airfoil.

A fifth line attached to the trailing edge of the arch goes to a generator. Generating as the kites climb. The line will need to spread the load so it will need to be a bridle of sorts. The line will need a high speed retract.

A set of three or more arches turning the same generator would provide constant output at the generators max rating. Actually sets of three or more makes sense to me for many of the kite concepts we discuss here.

I see plenty of problems with the concept, but plenty of advantages.

Cheers,
Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6012 From: blturner3 Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: TACO
Some random notes on TACO.

I don't see stall speed as being of regulatory significance. It's also hard to define in kites.

I don't think we have a clear definition of what "aerobatic" is for a kite.

I seem to see rebuttals to many comments I have made here put into your letter to the FAA. Don't let me distract you from saying what is best for AWE. And no I don't think that we are building aircraft in the regulatory sense.

Stand off distances from population areas is something that needs to be worked out. And I agree that weight times speed is a good way to determine how far a system needs to be from bystanders.

I don't think that AWE operators should have the same standards as transport pilots. The time spent training them on carburetor deicing and the thousands of dollars spent getting hundreds of hours of flight time would be better spent on actual AWE training. As kite farms get large, more operators would make more sense to me than making one guy take a bunch of unrelated training. You can't change pilots in a transport aircraft mid flight. You can at a kite farm.

You seem to be saying that if you want to recharge your laptop with a kite you need a pilots license.

I think the taxes you speak of should go to the local governments and should not be a part of the national regulation discussion.

We seem to agree that separation is a key principal. Keep the kites away from the airplanes and people and vis versa.

AWEIA needs to publish it's bylaws, a member list, and how to join. Best I can tell it is only Dave Santos and Joe Faust.

Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6013 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power
Brian,
 
Tarp Kixels are a core arch strategy, but they won't do shunting well without sticks, but tend to tuck/luff or lumber along semi-stalled. Sticks can be added, but diamond kites seem more sweep efficient until spar scaling penalties kick in. The swept LE/TE is a nice speed feature. An opened-up two-stick sled would be an intermediate design, more tarp-like, a higher skin-to-stick ratio.
 
Many of your ideas on how to tap a multi-arch are sound, and similar rigs are seen here-
 
Be sure to zoom in, many details are tiny,
 
daveS
 
PS A funny thing about the "utterly" usage was the echo re: Kixels as "utterly useless". Utterly repetitive, or not :)
 
 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6014 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: TACO
Brian,
 
The FAA has clearly ruled the obvious, that AWE aircraft are just another category of aircraft, but with particular issues (like tethers). Stall speed will be an important number for hot kiteplanes (much like high performance gliders) being reeled in to land, even though common floaty kites do not stall violently.
 
Flying a gigawatt scale megakite array is predicted to require Transport Pilot standards based on the high-consequence dangers. The training will not be about irrelevant learning (like carb deicing, which BTW is common in small planes too), but will deeply cover special kite skills, weather judgement, and integration into shared airspace, for example, opening up the AWES airspace for crossing when the array is grounded, and clearing it when the array relaunches. Its not so much that its an incredibly complex pilot job, its the proven hyper-reliability of the special human PIC that counts. Such a person will tend to have long experience and come up flying all kinds of aircraft, and will already know many details of other categories, like carb deicing.
 
You will not need a pilot's lisence to charge a laptop- 1) the suitable AWES will be low mass, and 2) will fly well below controlled airspace. AKA standards for safe kite flight will still apply according to the minor risks.
 
AWEIA is far more than just JohnO, JoeF, and me. JoeF did a strong membership drive a couple of years ago to build a founding member list of about 200. We have very active chapters operating low-key: For example the EU AWEIA team has an EU Parliament rep in Brussels, and have circulated an "AWE Dossier" overview to decision makers. There is also a curious open-membership formula, whereby everyone is offered de-facto membership, unless they object. Only Kite Farms (TM) to my knowledge has objected, and should not be considered a member. We really need for folks to pitch in and help keep building AWEIA, as the sort of major cooperative player Roddy proposes,
 
daveS

  
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6015 From: Hardensoft International Limited Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP

Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6016 From: dave santos Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Advantages and Design Limits of Branched Sleeved Control Lines
Pocock advocated integrating multiple kite control lines in a single silk sleeve, for neatness and handiness. Its also possible in principle to reduce drag by integrating lines into one tether. We have a neat coolIP trick whereby an ordinary cored braid line can act as a mechanical control channel equivalent to two-line control.
 
What is the upper limit of what can be done with sleeved lines? How many control channels can be hosted, and is it possible to clean up the snaggy complexity of a super-high line count? A biomimetic model exists in how bundles of muscles actuate bundles of tendons that branch out into many outputs. A human pianist is a good illustration of how fine control can be, with all the required tendons neatly stowed within the forearm, wrist, and hand, with the sheathes, straps, and branch details highly evolved. We also see complex branched high-count fiber structures in places like tree anatomy.
 
Similarly, we can envision a branching system of machine-braided sleeves with an almost unlimited number of internal mechanical actuation channels. Its not hard to see potential advantages over a distributed electro-mechanical network in terms of power-to-weight, power supply, capital-cost, robustness (ie. wet-proofed), and maintenance. This is a promising way to address Kixels individually to tune them or change states. Thus a vast kixelated megakite need not host a mess of naked lines (or servo network), although "Edo bridles" are workable.
 
An interesting dynamic is possible in a load bearing branched sleeve tether, under working tension, to have its channels locked in a programmed state by the bias-pulled outer braid (Chinese Finger Trap), and by a brief slacking, to be able to reset static channel settings.
 
We can rely on the near-Teflon slickness and super low stretch of UHMWPE to enable sleeved mechanical actuation, but many "simple" rigger's methods must be worked out, such as how to maintain and repair these assemblies. The design limits are mostly those of limited imagination, with an probable upperlimit to working length, where RAT-powered electromechanical actuation utimately becomes competitive. At this scale, the branching polytendon networks may live on as LANs resident on the megakite.
 
coolIP
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6017 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/10/2012
Subject: Re: Kite Arches for Crosswind Power
Consider a stable lifter arch below which have integrated shunting arch; as the shunting arch drives up, the lifter rises also to a high position; when the shunting arch drives hard down, then the lifter arch acts as anchor to permit mining the down-going shunting arch. Mine the up stroke of the shunting arch and mine the down stroke of the shunting arch.   
JoeF
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6018 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP
I was looking at that web site when I made the observation. I don't see how to join. Who is president, how they are elected. No indication of Roberts Rules or any rules. It needs work, and I am providing a critical view in the hopes of improvement.

Silence does not equal consent. Claiming members based on who does not object is like me saying everyone that is not a fan of a sports teams opponent (Oklahoma) is by default a fan of the other team (KU for example). Therefor
Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6019 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Google Futzes with AWE and Officially Retreats.
It's extremely sad to see Google pull back from renewables. Seeking to produce the power that they use via a sustainable source was laudable. They even went so far as to invest in the basic science with little chance of return. They were one of the few companies that saw the cost of their footprint as more than the electric bill.

Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6020 From: blturner3 Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: AWES Solidity Factors
I looked at your arch drawing and yes I can't make out many of the details because of size and lightness of the drawings. But there does seem to be an effort to maximize solidity.

Doug should be here at any moment to point out the thousands of years old trend away from high solidity. And he is right. Maximum solidity, Minimum solidity, reaching the Betz limit. None of them is an ideal ultimate goal of AWE. But all the principals do apply. It is optimizing them that is the trick.

We seem to differ in some basic definitions. Solidity is not the part of the whole wind window. It is the portion of the area blocked or swept area that is constantly covered. Now that I think about it even that definition needs some work. Solidity is a 2D definition I believe. I bet we can find a good definition in a wind energy textbook.

High solidity has diminishing returns and is plagued by another loss of the wind that completely goes around the system.

The wind windows in a kite farm array would logically overlap to maximize land use.

Variable pitch wind turbine blades vary the solidity quite effectively. As can a kite be built to be able to vary it's angle of attack. The multiple mounting points on a delta kite bridle accomplishes the same thing. I think your re-inventing the wheel at some level.

Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6021 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWES Solidity Factors
The turbine industry has found that high solidity favours low winds and
low solidity is better for stronger winds. I suspect we will find the
same applies to AWE.

It has also been found that the weaker the wind the more it costs to
harvest it. This will certainly be the case with AWE as well.

It brings me back to the need for different kites for different wind
speeds. The ideal low wind kite will have a relatively huge area of the
lightest possible fabric. A simple tarp will not suffice because the
corners where the tethers are attached will be too weak. It will be
difficult to make this large kite aerodynamic - its L/D will be small.

For medium and strong winds much smaller and more aerodynamic kites will
be most economical and much better use of crosswind operation can be
made.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6022 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Kixel, kixels
Which is why I let 99.9% of the mistaken thinking I see on the internet
slide by. However, sometimes when I think I can bring about useful
change I speak up.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6023 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials
On Sun, 2012-03-25 at 23:18 -0600, Bob Stuart wrote:
Actually modern high speed testing equipment has recently shown that all
materials have no fatigue limit. Some materials work harden (or toughen)
so steel has a kink in the strength vs stress cycles curve but modern
ultrasonic rigs show continuous weakening.

In typical AWE applications I think there are 2 important ways to
minimize the stress cycles on the tether. The first is to use large
diameter winch drums. The second is to use dancing pair kites.

Robert.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6024 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWEIA MEMBERSHIP
Brian,
 
Feel free to volunteer to draft AWEIA bylaws and act as a sort of founding parliamentarian for AWEIA. Its not that folks are against this sort of thing, its just that most serious developers are too focused on technical R&D to spend much time on formalities. Our general motto is RAD (Rapid AWE Dev), and AWEIA is only underdeveloped owing to that urgent priority. The expectation is that AWEIA will naturally wax strong as we succeed.
 
In place of bylaws we do have the draft ethics code adapted from an admirable professional geology model. This does provide a benchmark for professional conduct in the absence of fully developed governing structures.
 
You can also start a new group (as AWEC did) to meet you needs, if AWEIA does not match your vision, the more the merrier,
 
daveS
 
 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6025 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials
The cells with red spot in the top right corner have comments you can
read by hovering the pointer over them. I have put the source of data in
some cells. In the section on copper and its alloys there is an
interesting reference from work done for the CERN supercollider. They
were very concerned about fatigue strength of conductors and did a mass
of work on copper alloys that could be suitable for AWE tethers.

Robert.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6026 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: AWES Solidity Factors
We are faced with an over-simplistic conventional approach to solidity as it was taught to us in HAWT design. The shortcomings include-
 
-Overemphasis of solidity/sweep of the turbine disc area, while ignoring overall solidity/sweep of the entire kite farm airspace.
-As Robert properly points out, failure to see that there is no one ideal solidity (or sweep) ratio across the wind spectrum.
-Failure to account for factors that may drive solidity/sweep away from simplistic predictions. For example, a high solidity to maintain flight thru lulls can count for more, operationally, than ideal solidity at the working windspeed.
-Failure to keep ROI foremost, in seeking abstract performance ideals like optimal solidity. Capital cost and lifecycle cost relate to factors like solidity, but look how many designers skip the holistic analysis.
 
As agile engineers, we modify any existing concept when it stops moving us forward. We constantly refine or expand the previous standard of understanding, and do not let complaints from orthodox objectors hold us back. That is why we are free to define the new projected solidity/sweep area as the entire kite window*, rather than follow old HAWT norms, as the new view tends toward better maximizing kite farm performance over the previous idea.
 
* Re: Overlapping kite windows- They violate the empirical principle, "if two kites can interfere, they will interfere". It will be a while before anyone has a system robust enough overcome this "classic kite reality".
 
Note: Large open kite loop sweep patterns as represented by Makani/Joby clearly let a lot of wind pass thru the hollow center of the pattern untapped, missing the bulls-eye in the Power Zone. A quantification of such sweep/solidity efficiency needs to calculate this center bypass loss.

 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6027 From: Robert Copcutt Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials
Brian,

Thanks. The Alcan table is for insulated cables which I do not think are
suitable for AWE. It has at least 2 problems. Firstly the insulation
will get damaged when the cable is wound on the winch. It will also mean
that the current always has to flow the full length of the cable and
when there is a lot of cable on the drum it could overheat. With
uninsulated cable, as the cable is wound onto the winch drum the
distance the current has to travel constantly decreases. Two or more
cables insulated by the air between them is the way to go.

Something else about that Alcan table - it has to be the worst case I
have ever seen of inventing unnecessary names. Typical big company egos!

The way to optimise an AWES is definitely by putting all the costs into
a spreadsheet. It has the advantage that as the winners become clearer
the increasingly accurate data can be quickly analysed using the
pre-established sheet format.

Robert.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6028 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Tarp Economics 101
Its oft asserted without evidence that low-capital cost fabric is not a competitive AWES wing basis, and now this bias is being extended to tarps. In defense of tarps, and to repeat the logic of how "rag rocks", the following points apply-
 
 
Again, the best advice (Fort Felker) is to field-test everything, rather nurse untested biases. I LOVE fancy high-performance wings*, but test the whole spectrum of wings, as due-diligence.
 
 
* Who in AWE ever evaluated cleaner sweeter rigid looping wings than KiteLab Ilwaco? See-
 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6029 From: Dave Lang Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Economics 101
Hmmm......sounds like the investment required to actually build a 200 W Tarp-Mill is essentially trivial, so what's getting in the way of actually DOING IT NOW?   I think a 200 W tarp wind harvester operating for 250 hrs would not only pay for itself, but be a huge PLUS towards AWE concepts vindication.  Go Santos, Go build it and show and make a video of it and the Watt-meter in action!

DaveL




At 11:59 AM -0700 4/11/12, dave santos wrote:
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6030 From: dave santos Date: 4/11/2012
Subject: Tarp-Mill Cup Challenge
DaveL,
 
The Tarp-Mill (thanks for cool wording) is a sort of kite-designer's Matterhorn to conquer. Lets recall that Dave Culp posed the Blue Tarp AWES Conjecture back around 2003-4, and hardly anyone since worked on this tricky problem. We do see quite a few tarp-kites outside of AWE, so we know the core lift capability is there. All we have to do is apply our new AWES knowledge. Recent preliminary experiments have gone well. So now is the perfect time for your challenge to "Go build it and show and make a video of it and the Watt-meter in action!". Call it the Tarp-Mill Cup.
 
The KiteLab Austin team is already planning build-test of Tarp-Mills in the next month or two, but lets invite anyone to give it a go, and maybe beat us to the Cup. A COTS FEG, like an Air400 series, under a large tarp-kite would do, and we have this standard HAWT in our possession in Austin. Instead our circle is focusing designs from salvaged bike parts for a 1kW class groundgen system, with lots of pesky detail-engineering. Our strategic goal is to model megascale groundgen farms while we validate scrap-based DIY AWES, but we'll still fly the dang FEG under tarps; putting it on skids with a hoist-point, shroud, cage mesh, payload-chute, etc.,
 
daveS 
  
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6031 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Google Futzes with AWE and Officially Retreats.
In my opinion Google were never serious about renewables, since they first contacted me saying they only had to decide whether to give me a grant or invest in my company, then completely dropped the ball. You got the typical bureaucratic lack of direction combined with unfounded confidence and arrogance to accomplish nothing while wasting lots of dough. "Why thay it when you can thpray it?"

I'm glad if they've decided to stop muddying the waters of technological advance in the clean energy field. Maybe they should concentrate on cars that drive themselves. It's sad when we trust a name like Google, only to be disappointed by more nothingness. Well isn't that what they really do, make money doing as little as possible?

Newsflash on CNBC 5 minutes ago: Facebook will acquire Bing from Microsoft, and using their data on everyone, eclipse google in personalized search. Seeya Google! Thanks for thinking our field was so simple you could walk in and take it over google but it looks like you should have stuck to your core business! Buy Facebook, short Google?
:)
Doogles
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6032 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Kixel, kixels, kixels...
Yeah a kixel:
"get yer kixels on route sixty-sixel..."
Kixel: An addressable kite graphic unit for showing pictures in the sky at kite festivals. The term kixel suggests a new kite-based outdoor graphics display. There Dave you now have a job. Not sure what that has to do with AWE...
In wind energy, the proper terminology for the addressable energy producing unit, after 3000 years, is "blade".
:)
Doug S.

AWE: still learning basic wind energy terms, arguing about terms that may be extraneous, with little flying, and nothing producing...
NASA: Nothing Airborne Still Analyzing?
Or were they reeling in and out last I heard? With a multi-year plan to crash lots of kites?
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6033 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Analysis kite tether materials
You guys are so warped! :)
I suggest you get out some paper and string and some wire from the hardware store, a couple dollars worth of wood, and get anything working at all, at any height. Once you see any system that works, then it will be time to slowly perfect it over many years, and there will be plenty of time to argue about specific alloys etc...
Ever heard of a solution in search of a problem?
The perfect tether material for the AWE system you don't have...
Kixels!
:)
Doug S.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6034 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Strongest Rope in the World for "MetaMega" AWES
The new Kixelated Rope-Loadpath MetaKite MegaKite (MetaMega) architecture is scale-limited by the rope available. MetaMegas will typically be based on one or several rope arches to host the fractal loadpath kixel-scale subdimensions.
 
So what is the strongest rope in the world? Of course its a UHMWPE product, as nothing else has the strength-to-weight, along with nice rigging, handling, recycling, and other operational properties.
 
Searching around in the ship mooring rope market reveals contenders worldwide, but one stands out above all others, Cortland Inc., of Puget Sound, WA (in Drachen/WKM/KiteLabIlwaco's backyard).
 
Cortland's super-rope line tops out with an ~eight inch diameter rope rated at 4 million pounds working load. 100ft of the stuff weighs a bit over a thousand pounds, but it floats. 12 strand construction allows it to be spliced by standard rigging methods.
 
Super-rope is a key novel commodity for megascale AWES. DSM and new Asian players will no doubt compete in the AWE MetaMega super-rope market as it develops, but Cortland has an early edge.
 
==========================
 
 
From Cortland's Website-
 
When Honeywell first introduced their ultra high-strength SPECTRA® fiber, Cortland started a research program to determine how to best manufacture ropes using this unique fiber. As a result of information gained from this research, Cortland developed an exclusive patented process to improve the rope's translational efficiency giving it higher strength, lower stretch, and better abrasion resistance, known as the PLASMA® Patented Process.
Cortland, in conjunction with Odim AS, developed the first successful full Active Heave Compensated deep water rope traction winch combination used by Sub Sea 7 on the Independence hub to deploy equipment into 2,700 meters of water. Mindful of the growing need for large diameter synthetic fiber ropes in deepwater applications, Cortland offers the world’s largest 12 strand braiding equipment, capable of manufacturing ropes up to 22 inches in circumference with strengths in excess of 4,000,000 pounds. Cortland patented the 12x12 Rope Construction of Puget Sound Rope, which addresses the most critical properties of high modulus, high strength fibers such as Spectra® and Plasma® enhanced Spectra®, providing a stronger, more durable rope that is easy to inspect and can be quickly spliced using standard 12 strand splices.
 
(Note megascale Active Heave Compensation winching above, as another topic of interest) 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6035 From: Doug Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp-Mill Cup Challenge
I remember an issue of Popular Science in the 1970's featuring home-made hang-gliders ("hang-glider" was a new term, and they were mostly all home-made).
There was the Bamboo Butterfly
The Conduit Condor...
Frames were made from whatever was available. The covering came in a choice of clear or black.
(What a memory.) (like a steel trap!) (oooohhh have another hit! (of fresh air!))
I learned some early consumer-level wannabe engineering in that issue:
Buy aluminum TV antenna masts at Radio Shack, and attach Visqueen sheet plastic, using Duct Tape - I tried it but it did not seem too airworthy.
So I ponied up $450 and bought an Eipper Rogallo real manufactured hang glider with a 4:1 glide ratio, and that was enough for a 16-year-old to have some fun til I sold it before it was entirely obsolete (they got better fast during that era) and bought a motorcycle which was a more practical transportation choice. It was a chopper. Honda 350. Go figure. Instant biker. Totally badass.
I don't think we HAD blue tarps back then. If we had, the world might be a whole different place today! Maybe instead of cars we would drive blue-tarp hang-gliders.

Doug S.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6036 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: DSM makes an AWE videos
 
JoeF, have you seen these? They were new to me, with lots of good details. Go ahead and post to list if in fact they are new to us, daveS
 

DSM SkySails - YouTube

 
 
 

Skysails: Cargo Ships Powered by the Wind - YouTube

 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6037 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Re: DSM makes an AWE videos
Both videos are new for the list; they are now at #403 and #404. 

How about a partnership of DSM with WOW?
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6038 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Rip-Stop Nets for Mega-Tarp Kites or Kixels
Complex SE Asian Leaf Kites of "Malay" pattern often involve a knotted fiber netting to back-up an otherwise weak membrane made of leaves. Asian tissue-paper and bamboo kites also often have string net back-up. These are traditional ripstop designs that do the same job as modern ripstop fabric with integral reinforcing mesh.
 
Lightweight COTS Tarps can be ordered as large as soccer fields, and could be flown as kites or kixels, but they can not handle high-wind loads without a rip-stop feature.
 
Net Systems offers a special Dyneema-based fishing netting with no knots, ideal as a backup material for thin membranes, especially due to the Teflon-like low-friction quality of the UHMWPE. The mesh can be braided with up to 9m centers, which would be a good spacing in conjunction with a smaller integral ribbon rip-stop in the tarp material, a standard manufacturing option to specify at perhaps 3m centers.
 
coolIP
 
 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6039 From: dave santos Date: 4/12/2012
Subject: Meg-Tarp Handling Machine by Covermaster
We know grass to be a great biomass crop* highly compatible with kite farms, as the grass does not harm the kite material, nor do kites hurt grass. Now we find the largest COTS tarps in the world are for covering professional grass sports fields, to keep them dry before a game, made in the same lightweight UV-protected HMWPE as smaller TARPS.
 
Luckily, ground-handling of such Mega-Tarps on grass already has solutions-
* No pesticides or irrigation required
 
coolIP
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6040 From: blturner3 Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Meg-Tarp Handling Machine by Covermaster
This video is more fun. Tarp or any large kite handling is not trivial.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTSIJzvNIM8&feature=colike

Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6041 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes
http://energykitesystems.net/ROBERTS/EGRbyRoberts2011.jpg 
The clip from the patent is colorized by UpperWindPower colorizing person JpF. 
WIPO application for patent is involved. 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6042 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes
The H-shaped quad-mill rotorcraft takes a big hit in the commentary by
Bryan in the recent patent application. Leading rotors' wake may disturb
the aft mills' dynamics in several ways.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6043 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Bryan William Roberts continues investment and changes
  • rixel   (suggested term by Selsam) for a type of kixel that is a rotating mill blade.  One might see that Roberts might use the term "rixel" someday, as note the wrestling in his patent application:
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6044 From: roderickjosephread Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Economics 101
I was testing steering on a large single line powersled lifter kite today. 

Short control lines giving a small tug to the trailing edges (where the drogue is attached) from the single line kite tether point...
gives as much control as
Long lines from the same trailing edge points all the way to the ground giving a strong pull...

not very empirical as data goes...

but good enough to convince me to continue with the small winder remote control up high.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6045 From: dave santos Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Soft Shackle Revolution
Metal Shackles and related metal hardware are expensive, heavy, and very dangerous if used for large kite rigging. A new trend in performance sailing and rock climbing is to make "Soft-Shackles" from pieces of high-quality rope, which avoids the defects of metal counterparts.
 
Do an image search on "soft shackles" to see the developing state of the art. Watch videos to learn how many of these popular devices are made. This is a fantastic advance in modern rigging methods, suggestive of great flexibility to rig almost anything "softie" style.
 
We are seeing a broad renaissance in knots and lashing tech. Lots of new tricks are being invented; for example, one can wear soft-shackles on the wrist, ready for instant use.
 
 
One of many soft-shackle links-
 
www.softshackle.com/
 
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6046 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Kite drawings online
Because Drachen Foundation changed their file system, the drawings have a new address: 


In studying page 491 there arises in me a question about something near that generator:
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6047 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/13/2012
Subject: Re: Soft Shackle Revolution
Following that lead:

shackle

  • soft shackle       How to use.
  • Softie Soft Shackle Construction- How to.   [How to make a soft shackle]
    • Line, stopper knot, tail, leash, setting the knot to safe-working load, two fids, cut, tape measure, appropriate line, center section of the line, making the knot, keeping "V" exposed, take time to work the knot tight and close, tails to show if the knot has not been set to safe-working load, adding opening loop or leash.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6048 From: dave santos Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: Tarp Flying from a Gang-Line (video)
Many small tarp kite experiments have been done in preparation for aggregating them in large arrays. In this video a featured detail is the gang-line, a rope loadpath along which  tarps are hanked. In this case, its just one tarp rigged like the Nebraska Kids came up with, but with a small trim bridle added to the bottom-center.
 
What an weird wing this variant is; "it should not even fly" as they say, at least not so well as it does (~45deg), so something is going on. Apparently the wind scooped in by the leading edge is divided and spun into a ram's-head vortex that jets out sideways. This creates an invisible weak Magnus-effect in the wind field, adding phantom lift. The centered trim line helps create this effect, allowing a relaxing of the tail-line tips.
 
Of course there is plenty of drag force with so much frontal area, and this unmodified tarp rig pulls like an ox. It killed and relaunched easily, and trimmed into stable or galloping modes.
 
I also rigged sled-piloted versions of this, and they self-landed in lulls and relaunched repeatedly, which amazed fishermen bystanders.
 
 
Thanks to JoeF for hosting and posting-
 
 
Tarp Flying from a Gang-Line
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6049 From: dave santos Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: USWindLabs R&D?
Doug has been rather coy about his grand new ideas, but maybe this video is a clue. Otherwise, whose tilt-rotor wind turbines are these? They do look suited to take off as AWES.
 
Perhaps the "overspeed" shtick is a cover for his next IP moves... the return of AWE's Elvis :)
 
 

FLYING WIND TURBINE TILTS UP, SUSPENDED FROM TOWER ...

 
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqVUU-V1BeIJan 21, 2012 - 13 sec - Uploaded by dougselsam
The turbines fly up, to a more horizontal position, for oversp... ... position, for overspeed protection, using ...
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6050 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/14/2012
Subject: Why we fly by tether (meditation over a 2008 project)

The worlds highest wind turbine FL 2500 

Get a sense of what a future fossil will look like.
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6051 From: blturner3 Date: 4/15/2012
Subject: Re: Soft Shackle Revolution
I agree, thanks for the link.

Brian
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6052 From: dave santos Date: 4/15/2012
Subject: Cargill details its Skysails Experiment
 
 
Inside Cargill's SkySails shipkite trial, due to start anytime now; follow the link to review the ship-
 
 
... Anbros has now joined Cargill and SkySails in the development and testing
of the technology. For the next ... SkySails. The Hamburg-based ...
www.cargill.com/news-center/news-releases/2011/NA3046748.jsp - 54k - Cached
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6053 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Re: Tarp Flying from a Gang-Line (video)
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6054 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Wind project
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6055 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Deliberate shading of the sun
Using kite systems for making shade at various scales and for various purposes is the topic of this thread.

Beginning: 
1. Kite arches designed for tailing huge shading (various mesh for various purposes) surfaces comes to mind. 
Serial kite arches might be used to extend the shading project. 

2. Shading material might double as solar-energy collectors in order to multiply benefits (but costs increase); shading as well as energy production.  Galloping kite arches could give desired shading, give solar-energy conversion, as well as give pumping at the anchor region: three means of giving benefits. 

3. In some situations, shading the ground may accentuate the ground's heat profile in order to feed rising-air thermal production with the cooler regions supplying flow to the non-shaded regions. Artificial thermal production for soaring of gliders, transport ways, ...

4. Photography.  Need some shade?

5. Local region weather modification?

6.  Lower air-conditioning bills?

7. Make a ground-crowd event more pleasant.   Perhaps reduce suffering at some hot refugee campgrounds. 

8. Change the potential of some agricultural scenes where too much sun is mitigated by shading. 

9.  ?

...
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6056 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Abbas Rezaey

Dear Colleagues

Thanks for your suggestion. I accepted strongly to be one of writer of this interesting book. I have several papers and Patents in Airborne Wind Energy. Upon my last effort in AWEG, I will contribute in the "Concept for Airborne wind energy generation" section. I have some papers for new concept for airborne wind energy generation.
 

I was working for classification of the concept for airborne wind energy generation for one year. After several discussions, I classified this concept in three concepts in one of my papers [1].

At the first, airborne wind energy generation system should be defined.

It should be noted that, each classification should be established from only one point of view: the mechanism of flying of airborne wind energy generation systems or the mechanism of generation of power.  For example, wind turbine concept is about the type of generation while wing concept refers to mechanism of flying.

Any classification based on two points of view is not logical.

In my view, based on mechanism of flying, I think there are only four types of airborne wind energy generations concepts: the concepts use lighter than air gas, the concepts benefit lift and drag force instead of lighter than air gas, the concept that use long towers, and the hybrid concepts.

In my view this classification based on mechanism of flying is more logical. It should be note that, classification based on generation of power is complicate.

 

Introduction into Airborne Wind Energy Concepts

1. Lighter than air concept 
 

2. Lift and drag concept

Ø               High drag coefficient concept (kits, hybrid kits…)

Ø               High lifting coefficient concept (wing, laddrermill, sytem presentd by sky wind power )
 

3. Tower concept
 

4. Hybrid concepts

Ø              High drag coefficient with lighter than air gas

Ø              Low drag coefficient with lighter than air gas

Ø              High drag coefficient with lighter than air gas with tower

Ø              Low drag coefficient with lighter than air gas with tower

 

Moreover, the kite is a high drag coefficient wing.

Let me know, if you are agree with my idea. Then I will send you abstract for the "Introduction into Airborne Wind Energy Concepts" and all of its head and subhead lines.

 
Regards,
----------------------------
Abbas Rezaey
Editor-in-chief
International Journal of  Advanced Renewable Energy  Research
Editor of International Journal of Energy & Technolog
WWW.IJARER.ORG
Editor@ijarer.org

  My publications and Patents in area of Airborne Wind Energy:

1. A Novel Concept for High Altitude Wind Energy Generation,

      Rezaey, A., Alinejad-Beromi, Y., IEEE Conf, 2nd International Conference on Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET), pp. 1 - 6, 5-7 Jan. 2012

2. A New Airborne High Altitude Wind Energy Generation System

       Nima Amjadi, Abbas Rezaey, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

 3. A New Concept for Wind Energy Generation

      Mehdi Hedayatshodeh, Y. Alinejad-Beromi, Abbas Rezaey, Mohsen Parto, International journal of advanced renewable energy research, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.55-60, 4 2012

 4. A Novel Algorithm for Fault Detection, Classification, and Monitoring in high Altitude Wind Power Generation Station

       Zahra Moravej, Asghar Safari-Doust, Abbas Rezaey, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology , Vol.3, Issue.1, pp.357-360

5. Feasibility Study of a 10 GW High Altitude Wind Energy Generation Station in New York State,

      Abbas Rezaey, Asghar Safari-Doust, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research (JBASR ISI-Indexed), Accepted, will be published May, 31

6. A Robot for Ice Removing of Tether in High Altitude Wind Power Station

      Asghar Safari-Doust, Abbas Rezaey, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol.3, Issue.1, pp.351-356

7. A Novel Axial Flux Induction Generator with Two Mechanical Power Inputs for High Altitude Wind Energy Generation,

       Abbas Rezaey, Asghar Safari-Doust, submitted to International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE ISI-Indexed)

          

8. A Brushless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator with Two Mechanical Powers Inputs for Wind Energy Generation

       Nima Amjady, Asghar Safari-Doust, Abbas Rezaey, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research (JBASR ISI-Indexed), Accepted, will be published May, 31

 
My Patents in area of Airborne Wind Energy:


 

1.Contra-Rotor Tethered Wind Turbine System,

      Nima Amjadi, Abbas Rezaey,Patent No.71466, 2011

2.Contra-rotor Brushless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator,

      Mohsen Niasati,Abbas Rezaey,Filed, patent pending, 2012

  3.Complex Tethered Wind turbine,

      Nima Amjadi, Abbas Rezaey,Patent No.72028, 2011
Group: AirborneWindEnergy Message: 6058 From: Joe Faust Date: 4/17/2012
Subject: Call to authors, scientists, developers, family and friends of AWE C

 First official call 

Dear scientists, developers, family and friends of Airborne Wind Energy Concepts,

in December last year Professor Dr. Rudibert King, TU Berlin, Professor Dr. Jürgen Thorbeck, TU Berlin and myself, Uwe Ahrens, asked you for being a scientific writer member for the first book about Airborne Wind Energy Concepts.

In the meantime Prof. Dr. Moritz Diehl, University of Leuven joined us as an editor too.

The well-respected Springer Verlag (www.springer.com) confirmed the structure of the first compendium of scientific papers concerning
Airborne Wind Energy Concepts.

We would be more than happy if we could attract you to be one of the authors for this edition.

If you are interested in writing a paper, please send as soon as possible one or more headlines and a short abstract, preferably out of the preliminary structure of the book given below, to uwe.ahrens@x-wind.de. However, feel free in sending us other abstracts if you have further research results which should, in your opinion, also be a part of Airborne Wind Energy Concepts.

We are planning to have the book printed for our upcoming AWEC Meeting in Berlin 2013. Therefore we need your abstract in the next weeks (not later than end of May 2012).

Preliminary structure of the book: 

Introduction into Airborne Wind Energy Concepts                                                                                                    

  • Lighter than air concepts                                                     

  • Kite concepts                                                                    

  • Wing concepts                                                                            

  • Wind-turbine concepts                                                                  

  • Hybrid concepts                                                                          

  • Other concepts      

Current concepts

  • Basic sciences                                                                   

  • Control and steering strategies                                             

  • Safety aspects                                                                           

  • Lighter than air concepts                                                     

  • Kite concepts                                                                    

  • Wing concepts                                                                            

  • Wind-turbine concepts                                                                  

  • Hybrid concepts                                                                          

  • Other concepts    

Regulations for Airborne Wind Energy Concepts

  • Regulations by country                                                       

  • International regulations                                                     

  • Insurance  

Grid integration

  • Country request                                                                          

  • System output                                                                            

  • Concepts of power electronics    

Economic influence

  • By Region                                                                                  

  • By Country                                                                                

  • By World    

Climate influence

  • Wind                                                                                         

  • Water                                                                             

  • Temperature                                                                    

  • Disaster impact
    (e.g. earthquake, hurricane, tsunami)                                   

  • Other climate impacts
    by air-bornewind-energy plants   

Sustainability influence

  • CO2 foot-print comparison
    of air-bornewind-energy-plants                                             

  • Use of resources by GWh                                                   

  • For plant-production                                                           

  • For energy-generation by GWh                                            

  • For disposal                                                                      

  • Long term loss of resources                                                

  • Use of land comparison
    of air-bornewind-energy plant
    (definition of land-use needed)                                            

  • Impact on fauna and flora                                                  

 Social impact of air-borne wind-energy concepts

  • Safety aspects by concept                                                  

  • Noise production                                                                         

  • Light shadowing                                                                          

  • Aviation disturbance                                                           

  • Long term aspects   

Expectations for the future

 

We hope we can draw your interest being a writer of the first scientific book about the future of energy harvesting.

 Moritz Diehl, Rudibert King, Jürgen Thorbeck, and Uwe Ahrens