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Topic for open discussion:
   Betz Limit
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Aug. 13, 2020, post by Dave Santos
Deep Rotors can beat Betz (Newman 1986)

This wind turbine debate is long settled; Betz is not a very realistic limit on wind turbine performance, as a simplified thin disc model. A deep enough turbine of multi discs, like an ST, or even just a long Archimedes' Screw, can beat Betz. This is another ST proto-conception-

"By using multiple “actuator disks,” these designs can exceed the Betz limit of a single-stage turbine for the same stream tube area (Newman 1986)."
Investigation of Innovative Rotor Concepts for the Big Adaptive Rotor Project